For a story board, you will need include:
- shot type --> e.g.. wides shot/long shot, medium shot, close up, extreme close up, low angle, high angle. USE A WIDE VARIETY OF SHOTS
- camera position --> Use arrows to show zooming into a shot or zooming out.
- details about dialoge, camera action
- camera position - high camera angle, low camera angle, level camera angle, long shot
- Use action quotes - e.g. numbers on the clock flick to 6:39 am -- e.g.. point of view from the door way.
illustrating camera movement/action
--arrows
--time lapse
--zoom in box
Pan: A steady, sweeping movement from one point in a scene to another.
POV: (point of view shot): A shot which is understood to be seen from the point of view of a character within the scene.
Reaction Shot: A shot of someone looking off screen or a reaction shot can also be a shot of someone in a conversation where they are not given a line of dialogue but are just listening to the there person speak
Tilt: Using a camera trip, the camera moves up or down to follow the action
Zoom: Use of the camera lens to move closely toward the subject
Close-up Shot: A close range of distance between the camera and the subject
Dissolve: A transition between two shots, where one shot fades away and simultaneously another shot fade in
Fade: A tradition from a shot to black where the image gradually becomes brighter is a fade in
Jump cup: A rapid, jerky tansition form one frame to the next, either disruption the flow of time or movement within a scene or making an abrupt transition from on scene to another.
A storyboard is an
illustrated version of the script in a production. The director will use it as
a first visual draft of what should be done in a film or a television series.
The storyboard is a very effective way to communicate what a director wants in
their project. A script can be interpreted in many different ways, but a
storyboard doesn’t leave much place for interpretation.
In animation, the
storyboard will contain all the important information needed for the production:
• A
basic idea of the layout
• The
script
• The
dialogue
• The
duration of each scenes
• The
camera move if there is any
• Character
or element actions
• Sometimes
even mood or colour.
What’s
in a Panel?
A panel is one specific
action or moment in a storyboard. One drawing is one panel. You will find all
sorts of information in a single panel.
The Action
The action is what is going on at the moment in the
storyboard. The character or characters poses should be clear and to-the-point.
Arrows can be used to help explain what is going with the action also. (for
example, if a character is walking in a certain direction, you might want to
use an arrow to show the path)
Action Notes
Action Notes are extra information to help understand what is
taking place in the storyboard. Not every panel has notes but there should be
enough so that no one is confused by what is going on in the board.
Dialogue
Dialogues (if there are any)
should be included in the specified box. Simply copy the dialogue from the
script and paste or type it into the dialogue box.
Arrows
Arrows are a clear way to
indicate to the viewer what is going on. They can be drawn in all sizes and
directions to show perspective in movement. Use them as often as you need to
make your storyboard clear.
Panel
Annotations
Panel Annotations as shown in
the above example are important. Sometimes, they are put inside arrows,
sometimes just like here, inside a circle. This is up to the storyboard artist.
Characters coming in or going out of a panel should be clearly indicated as
this makes a big different in a scene.
Camera
Moves
Camera moves should
also be included in the panel. A camera move should be marked as shown in the
above image. You should have the first frame for the starting point and the
second frame for the ending of the move. Then arrows can indicate the direction
of the move.
What’s
in a Scene?
A scene is contains panels.
It can have one panel, or many. All panels in a scene will have the same
background and each panel will have different actions in it, so that when you
watch them in an animatic, it will look animated. The images above are a good
example, notice how the framing of all the panels are the same, but the wolf
and the house each have actions that, when put together, look like they are
animated?
Camera Shots
If you plan on creating
storyboards, you will need to learn about the different camera shots that you
can use in your scenes. The following is a list of some commonly used shots.
Start with these, then, do a little more research to learn about new shots and
try to integrate them in your future storyboards.
The
Establishing Shot
The establishing shot lays
the groundwork for the context of a scene by showing the relationship between
the characters and their location. It is usually used to indicate where a scene
takes place.
The
Long Shot
The long shot is used to show
the entire object or character and puts it in some way in relation to its
surroundings. Unlike with the establishing shot, the long shot will not
necessarily show the full scenery around the characters. It is used to show
what is going on, not where the characters are located.
The Medium Shot
There are many
definitions for the medium shots. Depending on whom you might talk to, it will
slightly vary. But the medium shot usually is a mid-shot view of a character
(from the waist up).
The Close-Up
The close-up
is when a scene tightly frames a character or an object. This shot will show a
lot of details about the subject for rarely includes any background element.
Such a shot will suggest emphasis on the character’s emotions or a very
specific detail that is important to the story.
The Extreme Close-Up
The extreme close-up is a magnified view of a small object. That
object will usually fill the entire screen, this way the audience can only
focus on that element and nothing else.
Camera Moves
The following are three basic
camera moves you can use in your storyboard projects. • Zoom In • Zoom Out • Pan Camera
moves are used to direct the audience to the important part of your scene. You
can hide elements that you might not want them to know about right away. It can
also give a whole new perspective on a scene or a situation by revealing an
important part of your scene.
Zoom In
This type of camera move is
when the camera moves in from wider shot to closer shot. (for example, from a
medium shot to a close-up). Depending on the speed of the camera move, it can
either bring a lot of action to a scene or slowly direct the audience to a
specific detail in the scene.
Zoom Out
The zoom out is the opposite
of zoom in. Instead, you will go from a closer shot to a wider shot. (for
example a close-up to a medium shot). This type of move can be very quick or
slow.
In animation, the pan is the
horizontal or vertical movement of the camera. The pan is often used so that
your audience can view across a wide panorama that doesn’t fit in the camera
frame.
Staging the Action
Staging which is a term taken
from theatre, it refers to placing the characters at the ideal position on the
stage so that the story events are clear. In animation and storyboard, staging
will refer to trying out different arrangements on paper to find the best
presentation for a scene, so that it is clear and dynamic. A great way to stage
a scene is to create a little diagram like the image above. An overview of the
whole set will allow you do have a clear idea of what you should see in the
panels you will draw in your storyboard.
Remember that animation is a
visual medium. You shouldn’t depend on the dialogue to explain what is going on
in a scene or in the whole story. The viewers will understand quicker if you
can clearly show what is going on, instead of actually having a character say
what is going on.
Here are some examples of
visual cues you can use to explain elements in a story:
• Use the character’s surroundings
to explain what kind of person he/she is. A messy room will tell use about
their personality. Or maybe he is artistic with paint and craft material
around? How about a geeky character with a computer room and posters and books
lying around?
• Remember that an action will can
say a lot. Instead of having a character say: “I am going out to the grocery
store”, have him go out, then cut to an establishing shot of the grocery store.
• Use clever shots to show a
character’s emotional state. If you look up at a character he will seem
imposing. A character that is very small in a large empty field will seem
completely lonely and isolated from the world.
• Showing the reason why a character is scared will have more impact than
just saying the character’s emotion. If the character is terrified of falling,
you might want to show the edge of the precipice.
from another source
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